The pilum was the primary weapon of the Roman legionary. It was a javelin designed to be thrown at the enemy before engaging in hand-to-hand combat.

The pilum had a long, thin shaft made of wood, and an iron shank and tip that was designed to bend upon impact, making it difficult for the enemy to remove from their shield or body.

It weighed around 2kg and could be thrown up to 30 meters.

This weapon disrupted the enemy's formation and created chaos, allowing the legionaries to close in for the attack.

The gladius was the quintessential Roman sword, used primarily for thrusting in close combat.

It had a short, double-edged blade that was ideal for stabbing the enemy in the chest or abdomen.

The hilt was made of wood or bone and fit snugly in the hand, giving the wielder excellent control and maneuverability.

The spatha was a longer and heavier sword than the gladius.

It was primarily used by cavalry and auxiliary troops, but also by legionaries in the later stages of the Roman Empire.

The blade was longer and broader, making it ideal for slashing and cutting, and was more effective in open battle formations.

The Pugio was a dagger that was carried by Roman soldiers as a backup weapon.

It was used for close combat and for personal protection. The Pugio was a versatile weapon, used for stabbing, slashing, and thrusting.

It was often used alongside the gladius, allowing the legionary to switch between the two weapons depending on the situation.

The scutum was the Roman shield and one of the most important pieces of armor used by the legionary.

It was a large rectangular shield made of layers of wood and covered with a layer of canvas or leather. The edges were sometimes reinforced with iron or bronze to protect against damage and enhance durability.

The shield weighed up to 10kg and was curved, allowing the legionary to hold it close to the body and provide excellent protection from incoming attacks.

It interlocked with the shields of other legionaries, creating an impenetrable wall that was difficult for the enemy to breach.

The galea was a Roman helmet and was designed to provide maximum protection to the head and neck.

It was made of metal and had an open face design providing the legionary with excellent visibility in battle.

The helmet also had cheek guards and a neck guard that provided additional protection.

The lorica segmentata was a type of Roman armor and was made of overlapping iron plates.

It was one of the most effective types of armor used in the ancient world, providing excellent protection to the torso and shoulders.

The armor allowed the legionary to move freely in battle due to its flexible design.